Linux Networking Commands: ip, ss, ssh, curl, dig, tcpdump
Working reference for Linux networking from the command line. The modern iproute2 toolchain (ip a / ip r / ip link replacing ifconfig / route, ss replacing netstat, bridge replacing brctl), the killer ip route get DESTINATION command, ss flag combos for listening sockets and established connections, ping / traceroute / mtr for path diagnosis, dig +short and dig +trace for DNS, ssh with port-forward (-L / -R / -D / -J jump host) and ~/.ssh/config persistence, scp vs rsync (rsync -avPn for dry-run before destructive sync), the trailing-slash gotcha on rsync source, curl flags (-I headers / -L follow / -X POST / -v verbose), wget -c continue, and tcpdump for packet capture (-w to save for Wireshark). Pitfalls: deprecated ifconfig misleads on multi-IP, DNS-vs-network confusion, scp -P / ssh -p capital mismatch, MTU surprises over tunnels.