Tag: Disk

Linux Admin

Linux Filesystem & Disk Errors: 10 Common Problems and Fixes

Working reference for the 10 most common Linux filesystem and disk errors. No space left on device, Read-only filesystem (errors=remount-ro after I/O failure), inode exhaustion (df -i), Permission denied (and the SELinux/AppArmor twin), Bad magic number in super-block, Disk quota exceeded, Stale file handle (NFS ESTALE), generic I/O errors with SMART correlation, /tmp full, fsck failure during boot. Each error covers description, root cause, common scenarios, and step-by-step fix. Includes cross-links to the Linux Disk & Filesystem command reference and to related troubleshooting topics (Storage/RAID, Performance).

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Linux Admin

Linux Disk & Filesystem: lsblk, mount, fstab, fsck

Working reference for Linux disk and filesystem management. The four-layer model (block device > partition > filesystem > mount point), lsblk for orientation, df -h vs df -i (inode exhaustion looks like out-of-space), du and ncdu for finding disk hogs, partitioning with fdisk / parted / cfdisk (and when MBR vs GPT), mkfs for ext4 / xfs / btrfs / vfat, manual mount and umount with -l lazy and lsof / fuser to find what's blocking unmount, persistent /etc/fstab (UUID-not-device, six-field syntax, mount -a to test before reboot, nofail for non-critical), the menu of mount options (noatime, nosuid, noexec), fsck only on unmounted FS, swap setup with fallocate / mkswap / swapon. Pitfalls: out of inodes, fstab blocks boot, sdX name shift, fsck on mounted, missing chmod 600 on swap.

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