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IT professional writing about cybersecurity, cloud & DevOps, automation, networking, and systems administration. Real-world guides for real-world problems.

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Latest Articles

DHCP and ARP: How Your Computer Gets and Uses Its Address

Networking from Scratch (lesson 4) — the DHCP DORA four-packet exchange, lease and renewal mechanics, common DHCP options, the cross-subnet relay agent, and the ARP request/reply that turns an IP into the MAC the wire actually delivers to. Plus the symptoms of common failure modes.

Subnetting Math: The Cheat Sheet That Actually Sticks

Networking from Scratch (lesson 3) — the four-line magic-number method for finding the network ID, broadcast, usable range, and next subnet for any /N. Three worked examples (including the awkward one across an octet boundary), a size cheat sheet, and five practice problems with answers.

IPv4 Addressing Without Panic

Networking from Scratch (lesson 2) — what an IPv4 address actually is, why it has four numbers, what a subnet mask does, what CIDR notation means, and how a computer uses it to decide whether to deliver locally or send to the gateway. Plus the special address ranges every admin should recognise on sight.

What Actually Happens When You Click a Link?

Networking from Scratch (lesson 1) — an end-to-end walkthrough of the eight things that happen between clicking a link and seeing the page on your screen. DNS, ARP, routing, TCP, TLS, HTTP, render, and where to look when each one breaks. No prior experience required.

Real-World Active Directory Delegation Examples

Three concrete AD delegation scenarios with the right ACL technique for each: targeted Deny ACEs to hide mobile and pager from a Hardware Support team, the schema confidential bit to restrict national-ID attributes to HR, and a volume-object ACL to make a published share invisible to everyone except Finance.